QUALITY CATEGORY A & CATEGORY B FACTORY

Cleanroom purification technology employs varying degrees of control over microbial contamination to achieve the required air cleanliness levels in the surgical environment, ensuring suitability for various Surgical Operating Room. It also provides appropriate temperature and humidity conditions to create a clean and comfortable surgical environment. Given the strict control of bacterial counts and low anaesthetic gas concentrations in operating rooms, the stability of laminar flow ultra-clean systems is a critical acceptance criterion for laminar flow purification Operating Theatre.   1. Special clean operating rooms, with a purification level of 100, where the air cleanliness level in the surgical area must reach Grade 5 and the surrounding areas must reach Grade 6. These are primarily used for life-threatening surgeries such as heart valve replacement, organ transplantation, and joint replacement, with the operating table being the key area requiring intensive purification.   2. Standard operating rooms, with a cleanliness level of Class 1000 and Class 10000, require air cleanliness of Level 6 in the surgical area and Level 7 in the surrounding areas. These are primarily used for ophthalmic surgery, plastic surgery, burn surgery, orthopaedic surgery, hepatobiliary surgery, and extracorporeal circulation preparation procedures.   3. General clean operating rooms, with a purification level of 100000, where air cleanliness in the surgical area must reach Level 7 and surrounding areas must reach Level 8. These are primarily used for thoracic surgery, urology, obstetrics and gynaecology, otolaryngology, and other procedures, with sterile rooms in the operating suite.   4. Surgical auxiliary rooms and pre-operative rooms, with a purification level of 300000, are primarily used for outpatient and emergency infection surgeries, corridors, restrooms, and anaesthesia preparation rooms.   Clean Operating Room Grade Standards:   Grade 1: Refers to a Special Clean Operating Room, Grade 100.   Grade 2: the construction of the Standard Operating Room takes place using Grade 1000 and 10000.   Grade 3: The operating room is generally clean to a high standard, Grade 100000.   Grade 4: The operating room in Grade 4 and the related rooms, like recovery, should reach Grade 300000.

  It is common for people to picture Operating Rooms as clean, sterile and bright, but in real life, the requirements for cleanliness depend on what type of surgery is scheduled. If the area where surgery is done is not clean, it may put patients at risk, lower the success of the operation and affect their recovery. Thus, knowing how Operating Room cleanliness standards vary depending on the type of surgery is very significant.   Why is Operating Room Cleanliness so important?   One of the greatest risks during surgery is infection. Airborne particles, bacteria, or contaminants on surgical instruments can all lead to post-operative infections. To minimise infection rates, hospitals typically design operating rooms as Hospital Operating Theatre-grade clean spaces, using air purification, temperature and humidity control, and personnel management to ensure a safe surgical environment.   In some high-standard Surgery Operation Theatres, the number of dust particles per cubic metre in the air is strictly controlled. The more complex and high-risk the surgery, the higher the environmental requirements.   Classification of cleanliness levels for different operating rooms   In fact, the classification of Operating Rooms within hospitals is highly detailed, and not all surgeries are performed in the same environment.   General operating theatres: Typically used for routine surgeries such as appendectomies and caesarean sections, these theatres have moderate cleanliness requirements, typically meeting ISO 7 or ISO 8 standards.   Orthopaedic and joint replacement surgeries: Due to the involvement of joint manipulation and the implantation of metallic foreign bodies, these procedures carry higher infection risks. Such surgeries must be performed in operating theatres meeting ISO 5 or ISO 6 standards to ensure air cleanliness and environmental stability.   Cardiac and neurosurgical procedures: Such as coronary artery bypass grafting and brain surgery, which demand extremely high cleanliness standards. These are typically performed in ISO 5 or higher-grade Hospital Operating Theatres to minimise the number of particles and bacteria in the air.   How do Operating Rooms maintain high cleanliness standards?   A standard Surgery Operation Theatre relies on a comprehensive air purification and management system:   High-efficiency air filtration (HEPA): Capable of filtering out over 99.97% of airborne particles.   Reasonable air exchange rate: Through frequent air replacement, continuously diluting and expelling contaminated air.   Positive pressure design: Ensuring external air cannot flow back into the operating theatre.   Standardised personnel procedures: Surgical staff must strictly wear sterile surgical gowns, masks, and hats before entering, with controlled access frequency and movement routes.   These meticulous measures are implemented to achieve professional Cleanroom Cleanliness standards, ensuring that every surgery is conducted in a safe and clean environment.   In short, Operating Rooms are cleaner than they look. Since different surgical procedures have different levels of risk, hospitals evenly assign topsurgery theaters to these surgeries and enforce strict control over the air system, the operating environment and staff to ensure safe and secure operations. Clean facilities are necessary for minor and major surgeries alike.

  Whether from a long-term perspective or the current analysis, Operating Room purification is an important hospital equipment, operating room purification is everywhere in the hospital, each hospital is indispensable operating room purification.         Most of the viruses and bacteria in the air filtered out by the purification Air-conditioning System are adsorbed on the suspended particles, therefore, as long as the number of suspended particles is controlled, effective control of air purification can be achieved. Purification of Air Conditioning Filtration will mainly filter out suspended particles in the air, which in turn will be able to adsorbed on it bacteria, viruses, especially laminar flow operating room purification of such high cleanliness requirements.   Filtering out microbial contamination and bacteria in the air can play a role in reducing postoperative infections. The main methods are:   Control the amount of floating particles occurring，rapidly and effectively removing the floating particles that have occurred indoors and effectively prevent outdoor particles from entering the room.   Electrostatic adsorption is a purification method used in many places nowadays. The use of dust to the electrical nature, the use of electrostatic adsorption principle, to reduce the amount of dust in the operating room space, but this way is more limited, mainly because of the static electricity may bring trouble to the surgery, affecting the operation of the operating room purification equipment. Electrostatic adsorption dust removal: pre-filtration - high-efficiency filtration - activated carbon adsorption, combined positive ion electrostatic adsorption sterilization, and the use of large air volume air purification, in order to ensure that the number of times the indoor air purification.   According to research shows that after thirty minutes of boot, the natural bacteria in the air among the air will be reduced, it will be able to make the air microorganisms in the operation to maintain at a low level, and in the conditions of someone's activities, the air bacterial content with the prolongation of the disinfection time and reduce.   Ultraviolet disinfection and sterilisation is a commonly used method of spectral disinfection in hospital operating rooms, and is also suitable for laminar flow operating room purification project. The ultraviolet germicidal lamp will be hung on the ceiling of the room, and irradiate and disinfect in a vertical downward irradiation or reverse irradiation way. Radiation intensity should be higher than 70μW/㎝², to ensure 1.5W/m³, uniform distribution, hanging height 1.8 ~ 2.2m, continuous irradiation of not less than 30min, can make the static air to meet the disinfection requirements. Mobile irradiation method, ultraviolet disinfection vehicle can be a region of the indoor air for centralised irradiation, with its mobility, not subject to fixed location restrictions. Indirect irradiation method using closed ultraviolet steriliser, such as air cylinder steriliser, wall-mounted electronic (ultraviolet) steriliser, indoor air disinfection in the presence of people, the use of air constantly through the steriliser cycle, repeated filtration and ultraviolet irradiation, to achieve the purpose of purifying the air.   To sum up, the operating room purification in the disinfection management is very need to do a good job, only so that the operating room purification project, in order to get a better use. And pay attention to the selection of protective agent varieties, the operating room purification of protective construction should pay attention to be able to maintain the operating room purification of breathable and waterproof.

  Modular Operating Room has gradually become the mainstream solution for the construction of operating rooms in major hospitals because of its advantages of high efficiency, flexibility and easy maintenance. However, the air purification system in the operating room is directly related to the postoperative infection rate and surgical safety of patients. Therefore, how to scientifically optimise this system has become the focus of attention for hospital managers and engineers.       The importance of air purification system   In the environment of Hospital Operating Room, the microorganisms, dust and particles in the air without effective filtration, it is very easy to become a hidden danger of postoperative infection. Especially in cardiac surgery, orthopaedics and other departments that require high aseptic level, there is a very high standard of air cleanliness. Therefore, a perfect and efficient air purification system is the core link in the construction of operating theatres.   Air Purification Equipment Commonly Used in Modular Operating Rooms   In modular operating theatres, common air purification equipment includes HEPA Box and Fan Filter Unit (FFU).   The HEPA Box is an air outlet device equipped with a high-efficiency filter that can effectively filter particles above 0.3μm with a filtration efficiency of 99.99%. It is usually installed at the end of the air supply duct to ensure that the clean airflow is dust-free before it enters the surgical area.   The Fan Filter Unit integrates a fan and a high-efficiency filter and is suitable for flexible space distribution or localised purification areas. It can independently control the airflow to maintain the airflow direction and positive pressure environment in the operating theatre, reducing the risk of contaminated air backflow.   How to optimise the air purification system scientifically?   To make the air purification system in the operating theatre run more efficiently, it is recommended to start from the following aspects:   1. Reasonable configuration of air supply system   According to the area, laminar flow level and frequency of use of different operating rooms, the number and arrangement of HEPA Box or Fan Filter Unit should be reasonably selected to ensure uniform air supply and reasonable airflow organisation, and to avoid dead corners and vortex areas.   2. Regular inspection and maintenance   Whether it is Modular Operating Room or traditional operating room, air purification equipment need to regularly test the wind speed, differential pressure and filter resistance, and timely replacement of failed HEPA filters to ensure that the air cleanliness continues to meet the standards.   3. Dynamic adjustment of system parameters   Modern Fan Filter Unit is equipped with airflow adjustment and real-time monitoring functions, which can flexibly adjust the air speed according to the type of surgery, the number of people and environmental changes, not only to ensure cleanliness, but also to save energy consumption.   4. Optimised airflow design   Keep the airflow in the operation room from top to bottom, from clean area to relatively polluted area, avoiding backflow pollution. Reasonable with the location of HEPA Box and exhaust settings, to enhance the overall air circulation efficiency.   Conclusion   With the development of medical technology, Modular Operating Room has become an important facility to improve the overall management level of hospitals and surgical safety. Scientific optimisation of the air purification system not only effectively reduces the risk of post-operative infection, but also helps to improve the operational efficiency of the hospital. If you are planning an operating room project, you may want to pay more attention to the configuration and maintenance of core purification equipment such as HEPA Box, Fan Filter Unit, etc., to provide patients with a safer and cleaner surgical environment.

  1. Material selection   Stainless steel and artificial stone should be used; these are corrosion and heat-resistant, and easy to clean. These materials are resistant to chemical disinfectants on the one hand, and cannot be easily cleaned and disinfected on the other hand, all of it helping to preclude the development of bacteria.   The materials should adhere to any given health and safety standards for them not to threaten users’ health.     2. Design and Structure   The design of the Medical Hand-washing Sinks should be made ergonomic in order for medical staff to be comfortable to use them and save unnecessary physical work.   Since the Medical Stainless Steel Sinks are sharp at the corners and edges, it is important to consider rounding up its corners and edges to avoid scratches due to sharp edges, and corners from scratching the medical personals’ hands.   The sink bottom should slope sufficiently to allow for drainage, to prevent stagnant water at the bottom of the sink or in drainage pipe, and, therefore, the growth of bacteria.   Inside of the medical hand-washing basin needs to be processed in angle, seamless welding and deep grinding and polishing, to eliminate the so-called dead corners, making it easy to clean and disinfect.   3. Functional requirements   It should be installed with fully automatic induction or knee control along with other ways of water supply to prevent the limb touching of healthcare staff and minimize cross infection during hand washing.   The devices for water heater or constant temperature water supply appliance should be installed on it to let the temperature on the water can be freely adjusted within some range according to the use habits of healthcare workers.   Touch sensitive mirror lamps should be installed to give adequate cover of mirror light illumination.   4. Production quality   Production process, must be rigid quality control in order to make sure that every medical hand washing basin conform to design requirements and functionality requirements.   Every medical hand-washing basin must undergo tough inspection and testing to guarantee its stability in performance, safety and reliability.

  Quick release electrolytic steel panels are a new type of multi-functional wall panels for the Operating Theatre, which adopts a modular, standard design concept to modularise every component of the operating theatre, using standard connectors and plug-and-play assembling. Modular Operating Theatre electrolytic steel plate, none of them need to be cut on site, using factory prefabrication, easy construction, all instruments and equipment can be flush with the plate, and finally sealant caulking is used to seal the wall plate, instruments, arc, and top plate into a whole.   Modular operating theatre adopts factory-produced architectural unit parts and functional unit parts, keel angle code screw connection, standard module special screws and keel installation, medical silicone strip caulking, can be more according to the requirements of the user in the process of use, can be disassembled at will module, increase equipment, to achieve sustainable development.           Why build a Modular Operating Theatre?   Modular operating theatres use factory-produced architectural and functional unit parts, eliminating human-induced uncontrollable factors, reducing the complexity of on-site processes and saving construction costs (labour costs).   The entire assembly process does not require welding, spraying, cutting, avoiding injury to personnel and pollution of the environment (green, safe and efficient).   Increase the safety and controllability of the construction process (quality standards), reduce waste and at the same time safeguard the schedule.   The modules can be disassembled and reassembled at will according to the user's requirements during use, thus enabling sustainable development (filling of defects, addition of equipment).   Modular operating theatres can shorten the construction cycle, and an ordinary installer can complete the installation of wall panels in an operating theatre in 3-5 days.

  In surgery, if the environment is not clean enough, the dust brought by the personnel walking, the dust in the air, and the bacteria released during the surgery fall into the incision, which is easy to cause infection, so it needs a clean room. In this article we will introduce the design of clean room in the Operating Room.       Operating Theatres in hospitals are also generally required to meet clean room standards. Depending on the importance of the operation, operating theatres need to be designed with different levels of cleanliness.   Some special aseptic purification operating room, that is, usually said to be the first level of operating room, the need to use local laminar flow of 100 cleanliness of the Clean Room. Aseptic operating theatre, that is, the second level operating theatre, need to use the cleanliness level of 1000-10000 class clean room. General operating theatre or surgical auxiliary area, that is, the third level operating theatre needs to use 100000 level cleanliness of the clean room.   Operating room clean room design should be clean operating room as the core, and then configure some necessary auxiliary rooms. The principle of design is reasonable process, reasonable partition, clean and dirty, reduce contact infection and prevent cross-infection. Operating room clean room is generally divided into clean area and non-clean area. Specialised human circulation channels should be set up, as simple and fast as possible.   Patients need to change special gowns and sick trolleys before entering the clean area of the operating theatre. Doctors and nurses should also do a good job of purification, wear special surgical gowns, masks and gloves, and do a good job of sterilisation, so as not to bring germs to the patients in the course of surgery. Set up an independent logistics channel for the transport of surgical items. Sterile instruments, disposables, sterile dressings, etc. needed for surgery enter the operating theatre through the clean room logistics channel, and some surgical wastes must be sterilised and packaged close to the operating theatre after use and sent out of the operating theatre in a timely manner.   There are various layout methods for the plan design of the clean room of the operating room, which should be flexibly selected according to the specific conditions of the operating room, such as: the operating room with an anteroom, consisting of anaesthesia preparation room, hand brushing room, rinsing and sterilizing room of three anterooms and an operating room area; the single-channel type of the operating room without an anteroom, consisting of the operating room and the side rinsing and sterilizing room, hand brushing room, and the anaesthesia preparation adopts centralized setup; the dual-channel type of the operating room without anterooms, consisting of the operating room, clean corridor, clean corridor, rinsing and disinfection room, hand brushing room can take a collection or decentralised setup, anaesthesia preparation room is set up centrally; no anterior room branch double-channel type (multi-channel) arrangement, this form of arrangement is generally applicable to large-scale surgery.    

  In modern hospitals, the environmental standards in the Operating Theater are far more stringent than we might think. What you may not know is that the cleanliness of the air in the operating theater is directly related to the risk of infection during surgery, and can even affect a patient's recovery after surgery.   So why is it important to clean the air in the operating theatre? And how is it done?   Why does the Operating Theater need to purify the air?   During surgery, dust, bacteria and viruses floating in the air can be a hidden threat. Especially in major surgeries, where the incision is long and invasive, the presence of too many microorganisms in the air can easily lead to post-operative infections. According to medical environmental control standards, the cleanliness of the air in the Operating Theater (OR) must reach a specific level in order to ensure surgical safety. Therefore, air purification in the Operating Theater is not only for the purpose of meeting the regulations, but also for the safety of patients and healthcare workers.   How is the air purified in the Operating Theater?   Operating theater air purification is not the result of a single air purifier alone, it is in fact a complex set of systems working in tandem. Common purification methods include the following key components:   1. Air Handling Unit   Air Handling Unit (AHU) is the core equipment of the air-conditioning purification system in the operating theater. It can filter, heat up, cool down, dehumidify and humidify the new air introduced from outdoors to ensure that the air sent into the Operating Theater meets the compliance standards.   2. FFU Laminar Air Supply System   In order to ensure the cleanliness of the air in the Operating Theater area, the Operating Theater is generally equipped with FFU (Fan Filter Unit) laminar flow air supply units. This kind of equipment has built-in high-efficiency filters and fans, which can realise clean airflow from top to bottom, effectively diluting and discharging indoor polluted air, so that the surgical area is always in a positive pressure state, preventing external air from backing up.   3. Air Shower Room   In addition to purifying the indoor air, it is equally important to control the personnel and objects entering the operating theater, Air Shower is the ‘air bathroom’ that the medical staff must go through before entering the Operating Theater. It reduces the risk of contaminants entering the clean area by blowing away dust and micro-organisms adhering to the surfaces of the human body and clothing with a high velocity clean air stream. Summary   Air purification in the Operating Theater is not only a technical requirement, but also a guarantee for the safety of patients' lives. From every aspect of the clean link is tightly closed, just to create a safe, clean, sterile Operating Theater environment.

  Modular Operating Theatre rapid assembly technology, including operating theatre walls, ceiling materials, skeleton, base layer, surface layer in block mode in the workshop production is completed, the site directly assembled in one piece.   Traditional Operating Theatres and other purification construction and installation technology, often facing quality and duration can not meet the construction needs, not enough environmental protection, construction waste and other issues! And Modular Operating Theatre rapid assembly technology can effectively solve the problems existing in the Traditional Operating Theatre.   Features of Modular Operating Theatre construction   Environmental protection: All panels are prefabricated in advance in the factory, no cutting and welding are required on site, and there is very little construction waste, which reduces the waste of resources and environmental pollution.   Fast construction speed: After the site has the installation conditions, the panels can be transported to the site to start assembly, modular installation is simple and fast, compared with the traditional construction process, greatly reducing the construction cycle.   Forward-looking: Modular Operating Theatre is easy to dismantle and install, the transformation of the Department of Surgery can be dismantled as a whole or partially, without affecting the main structure of the building, which is convenient for the hospital's future development and transformation.     Features of the modular installation process   Safety   Structural strength: Single structural panel can bear weight up to 200KG without deformation.   Fire resistance: The fire resistance of modular structural panels reaches A1 level.   Anti-bacteria: The microbiological test of the modular structural panel is 99%, which meets the requirements of Class 1 standard.   Eco-friendly   The whole modular structural panels are completely prefabricated in the factory, no cutting is required at the construction site, which does not produce too much construction waste and reduces noise pollution and dust.   The structural panels and facilities used are connected by screws only, without welding, reducing fire safety hazards and high-temperature deformation.   The pattern and colour of the surface layer are all customised in the factory, and there is no need to spray paint on site, reducing formaldehyde and other organic volatiles.   Low cost and short construction period   Through the use of full-systematic pre-design, prefabrication of building components in advance, modular panels packaged and shipped to the site, the construction staff according to the installation drawings, in accordance with the order and location, the site directly assembled to reduce the workload on the construction site, reduce the number of construction workers, thereby reducing the overall construction costs, and to minimise the impact of construction on the development of the hospital's business. The special standard connectors are used for insertion and assembly, and all the assemblies are connected by screws without any welding, which shortens the construction time by more than double compared with the traditional process.   Easy to upgrade at a later stage   Modular components production, which components need to be replaced to remove which piece, easy to dismantle and install.   If upgrading is required, it can be dismantled and installed as a whole, minimising the impact on other main structures.

  Definition and working principle of laminar airflow ceiling   Definition   Laminar airflow ceilings play a vital role in Modular Operating Theater. Their core role is to provide a clean, stable air environment for the surgical area through high efficiency filtration and directional airflow control, thus significantly reducing the risk of infection and ensuring surgical safety.   Working Principle   Laminar airflow ceilings work on the principle of Unidirectional Flow:   Air intake: External air is pre-filtered by primary and secondary filters.   High-efficiency filtration: Air passes through HEPA/ULPA filters to remove microorganisms and particles.   Laminar flow air supply: Clean air is sent into the working area vertically or horizontally with low turbulence and uniform speed (0.25~0.45m/s).   Pollution discharge: Polluted air is collected and discharged from the bottom or side return air outlets, forming the “airflow piston effect” to prevent cross-contamination.   The role of laminar airflow ceilings in Modular Operating Theater   1. Provide clean laminar airflow   Laminar air supply ceiling sends clean air through HEPA or ULPA high efficiency filters to form a vertical downward or horizontal unidirectional flow (laminar flow), which can effectively take dust particles, microorganisms, etc. away from the surgical area quickly.   Maintain the air cleanliness level of the surgical area (usually ISO 5 or Class 100)   Reduce the residence time of suspended particles in the air.   2. Prevents cross-infection and reduces post-operative infection rates   By continuously sending clean airflow to the operating table area and diluting and discharging it in all directions, it forms a positive pressure difference environment, preventing contaminated airflow from backing up into the operating area and effectively isolating cross contamination.   3. The core clean system that constitutes the Modular Operating Room   Modular Operating Room emphasizes standardization, assembly and efficient clean control, and laminar flow air supply ceiling is an indispensable part of the clean system, often with:   Air self-purification devices, fresh air system, differential pressure control system, etc. work together.   4. Provide low noise operating environment   Modern laminar flow ceiling design focuses on quietness, which helps maintain a quiet environment in the operating room and reduces the stress of medical staff.   5. Integration with lighting, towers, etc.   Some laminar airflow ceilings are also integrated with LED lighting, equipment hangers, camera systems, etc. to improve space utilization and surgical efficiency.

  The popularity of Modular Operation Theatres continues to grow because these structures combine controlled environments together with convenient design standards. Operating Room wall and ceiling materials directly influence both room cleanliness, durability and maintenance expenses, thus, materials selection remains essential. Subsequent to this point we will demonstrate the procedure for selecting appropriate wall and ceiling materials that aid the efficient operation of Operating Rooms.   Selection of wall materials     Wall Sandwich Panel   The Modular Operating Room utilizes Wall Sandwich Panel as a standard material choice for its walls. This material brings multiplebenefits when used.   Easy to clean: The neat wall surface retains minimal dust accumulation to stop bacterial growth more effectively.   Anti-bacterial and anti-mold: Anti-bacterial features together with mold-resistance exist naturally in the different sandwich panel materials such as aluminum alloy, color steel and stainless steel.   Convenient installation: Provides constructors with easier and quicker wall assembly techniques.   Strong durability: Impact resistance, not easy to deform, can maintain long-term beauty and functionality.   The selection of Wall Sandwich Panels requires materials with antimicrobial surface treatments to increase Operating Room cleanliness.   Other wall materials   In addition to wall sandwich panels, there are the following common wall materials to choose from:   PVC wall panels: Waterproof, mildew-resistant and suitable for high humidity environments, but with low impact resistance.   Tile wall coverings: Easy to clean but complicated to construct, not suitable for Modular Operating Rooms.   FRP wall panel: Chemical resistant but costly.   Selection of ceiling materials   Laminar flow ceiling system   Laminar Flow Ceiling is an important part of the air purification system in Modularized Operating Room, which can effectively control the direction of airflow and ensure the cleanliness of air in the Operating Room. The following factors need to be considered when selecting the right laminar flow ceiling material:   Filtration performance: High-efficiency filters (HEPA) can effectively remove particles from the air to ensure a sterile environment.   Antimicrobial materials: Ceilings are usually made of aluminum, stainless steel or materials coated with an antimicrobial coating to prevent contaminant deposition.   Sealing: Ensure that the connection between the ceiling and the wall is seamless to minimize the risk of contamination.   Other ceiling materials   PVC ceiling: Suitable for general Cleanrooms, but may not be durable enough in Operating Rooms with high aseptic requirements.   Gypsum board ceiling: Although less costly, it is not suitable for high humidity environments and is prone to dust accumulation.   Stainless steel ceiling: Has good corrosion resistance and antimicrobial properties, but is more costly.   Key considerations when selecting materials   When selecting wall and ceiling materials, the following factors must be focused on:   Cleanliness requirements: Ensure that the material has a smooth, easy-to-clean surface and possesses antimicrobial properties.   Durability: Operating room environments require materials that maintain stable performance over time and are resistant to moisture and deformation.   Convenience of construction: Modular design of the material should be characterized by rapid installation and dismantling for easy maintenance and upgrading.   Compliance with international standards: Such as ISO 14644 Clean Room standards, to ensure that the operating room environment in line with industry norms.   Conclusion   Selection of materials used for walls and ceilings in Modular Operating Rooms stands as an essential factor to generate surgical environments, which are safe and comfortable. The Operating Room benefits from Wall Sandwich Panel and Laminar Flow Ceiling System as the preferred choices for maintaining air cleanliness and efficient operation. Healthcare facilities need to unite materials selection with budget constraints, construction needs and costs of maintenance to obtain optimal Operating Room setups.

  Difference between Modular Operating Room and Traditional Operating Room   Construction method: Modular Operating Rooms are assembled on-site with prefabricated modules and have a short construction cycle. Traditional operating rooms are constructed on-site and have a longer cycle.   Environmental control: Modularized Operating Rooms are equipped with laminar flow purification, temperature and humidity control systems, resulting in a higher degree of cleanliness; traditional operating rooms have more basic environmental control.   Functional integration: Modular Operating Rooms integrate lighting, gas supply, information technology and other systems, with a high degree of intelligence; traditional operating room equipment is mostly installed independently, with a lower degree of intelligence.   Maintenance and upgrading: Modularized Operating Rooms can flexibly replace and upgrade modules for easy maintenance; traditional operating rooms are difficult and costly to transform.   Applicable Scenarios: Modular operating rooms are suitable for high-end medical institutions, specialized hospitals, etc. Traditional operating rooms are more suitable for general hospitals or institutions with limited budgets.   Comparison Table     Factor Modular OR Traditional OR Build time 4-8 weeks 6-12 months Cost (Long-term) Lower maintenance Higher renovations Flexibility Highly adaptable Fixed structure     Best Use Cases   Modular: Emergency care, military medicine, hybrid ORs.   Traditional: Large-scale hospitals with stable needs.   Verdict   Modular ORs win in speed, adaptability, and tech readiness.  

  Laminar Flow Air Supply Ceiling is a necessary air supply device for Operating Rooms in modern hospitals. It adopts advanced leak proof layer technology and reasonable airflow distribution, effectively ensuring the air cleanliness of the Operating Room, especially the operating area (air supply surface level 100), and reducing the risk of surgical infection.       Working Principle   Clean air enters the Laminar Flow Air Supply Ceiling, and after being filtered by high-efficiency filters, it is sent into the room in a stable vertical laminar flow, thus forming a clean area and pushing the contaminated air out to the outside of the room.   Features of Laminar Flow   Material: Stainless steel or aluminum alloy structure is often used, corrosion-resistant and easy to clean.   Laminar airflow: After the air is filtered by high efficiency filters (HEPA) or ultra-high efficiency filters (ULPA), it enters the room in a low-speed, uniform, unidirectional airflow pattern (laminar flow) to minimize air disturbance and reduce the risk of pollutant diffusion.   Application Scenarios   Hospital operating room: Provide a clean and sterile environment to reduce the risk of surgical infection.   Pharmaceutical/electronic Clean Room: Control air particle pollution, ensure product quality.   Laboratory: To ensure that the experimental environment is dust-free and sterile requirements.   Structure   Ceiling mounted: Usually mounted on the ceiling as an air supply to cover the operating table or critical operation area.   Cooperate with air conditioning system: Combined with Air Handing Unit (AHU), Fan Filter Unit and other equipments to provide air with controlled temperature, humidity and cleanliness.

  Healthcare facilities now choose Modular Operating Rooms because these rooms provide increased efficiency together with safety features and lasting durability. This essential decision of choosing materials represents the key element of constructing such Operating Rooms. The construction of such facilities requires determining safety standards and durability while ensuring they meet both standards.       Definition and core features of a Modular Operating Room   A Modular Operating Room represents a flexible medical facility composed of modules that doctors can modify according to their specific healthcare requirements. Modern operating rooms combine effortless construction with convenience during maintenance together with enhanced hygiene management, which surpasses traditional hospital operating rooms.   Its core features include:   Highly customizable: The system features high adaptability so healthcare institutions can modify its configuration together with its operational aspects.   Rapid installation and upgrading: Thorough modular construction permits quick installation together with rapid post-installation upgrades.   Superior Infection Control: The special materials combined with seamless construction reduces bacterial spread within the Hospital Theater Room.   High Performance Management: The system for managing performance as well as the air circulation and lighting perform optimally to guarantee surgical procedures run smoothly.   What are the main components of a Modular Operating Room?   To create a Hospital Operating Theater that meets international standards, attention must be paid to the selection of its key components and materials.   1. Walls and Ceilings   Walls and ceilings need to be made of anti-bacterial, fire-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy panels, and anti-bacterial coated panels. These materials are not only effective in preventing the growth of bacteria, but can also withstand the intense disinfection treatment within Hospital Theater.   2. Floor Material   The flooring should be non-slip, anti-static and easy to clean. Common choices include PVC medical flooring, epoxy resin flooring, etc., which can ensure the safety of operating room personnel walking and reduce the impact of static electricity on medical equipment.   3. Surgical Lights and Lighting Systems   High-quality surgical lights are an important part of the Hospital Operating Theater's equipment, and LED surgical lights have become the mainstream choice due to their high brightness, low energy consumption, and long lifespan. At the same time, the auxiliary lighting system should also ensure that the light is soft and does not interfere with the operation.   4. Air Purification System   Air quality directly affects the safety of surgery. Therefore, the air purification system in Hospital Theater must meet HEPA filtration standards to effectively remove airborne particles and pathogens and ensure a sterile surgical environment.   5. Medical Gas Supply System   The Operating Room must be equipped with a stable medical gas supply system, including oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc. These gases are delivered through stainless steel piping. These gases are delivered through stainless steel piping to ensure a stable and pollution-free supply during surgery.   Summary   Choosing the right materials is the key to ensuring the safety and durability of the Modular Operating Room. When designing a Hospital Operating Theater, hospitals should give full consideration to the needs of walls, flooring, lighting, air purification and medical gas supply in order to create an efficient and safe operating environment. If you have any other questions or concerns about Modular Operating Room, please follow our website to learn more about operating rooms or contact us online and we will answer your questions.

  When choosing wall and ceiling materials for Operating Rooms, we need to consider not only appearance and price, but also hygienic performance, durability and ease of installation. But which of these three common Insulated Sandwich Panels is better suited for the OR environment?   PU Panel: Lightweight with Excellent Insulation Performance   PU Panel, the advantages are lightweight and heat preservation. It's core material is polyurethane foam, which has an extremely low coefficient of thermal conductivity and is effective in maintaining a stable room temperature. PU Panel is definitely a good choice for places like Operating Rooms where a constant temperature environment is required.   In addition, PU Panel is very easy to install and can quickly build up the walls of the Operating Room (Wall Sandwich Panels). It's smooth surface is easy to clean and meets the high demand for cleanliness in the operating room. However, the fire resistance of PU Panel is relatively weak. Although it can be improved by adding flame retardant, it may still be a potential hazard in extreme cases.   Silicon Rock Panel: Excellent fire resistance   Silicon Rock Panel serves as a building material whose main substance consists of silicate in the same composition as Silicon Rock Sandwich Panel. The main advantage of Silicon Rock Panel is its strong fire protection properties. A strong fire safety assurance exists in operating rooms due to Silicon Rock Panel being able to maintain its integrity under high temperature conditions where it does not release toxic substances even during fires.   Silicon Rock Panel offers superb soundproofing qualities that create a quiet surgical environment which helps block external noises during surgical procedures. During installation Silicon Rock Panel becomes burdensome to handle due to its weight and installation requires support frameworks that lead to construction demands and elevated expenses.   EPS Panel: An Affordable Alternative   EPS Panel is an inexpensive building material which goes by the name of Polystyrene Sandwich Panel. The thermal insulation properties of polystyrene foam core materials in EPS Panel exceed those of PU Panel but demonstrate less effectiveness. EPS Panel meets budget constraints because it presents an affordable solution thus suitable for inexpensive building projects.   Operating Rooms need to consider the fire resistance of EPS Panel due to safety concerns. The fire rating of EPS panel can be enhanced through flame retardant application yet it continues to generate damaging substances when exposed to high heat. EPS Panel installations require the use of 50mm Insulated Panel to enhance thermal insulation along with structural strength.   Conclusion: Which material is more suitable for operating rooms?   PU Panel, Silicon Rock Panel and EPS Panel have their own advantages and disadvantages. PU Panel is a good choice if thermal insulation performance and lightness are prioritized. Silicon Rock Panel is more suitable if fire safety and sound insulation are more important, and if budget is limited, EPS Panel can be an affordable choice, but more attention needs to be paid to fire performance.   Therefore, which material to choose also needs to be decided based on specific project needs and budget.  

  Modular design at the Hospital Operating Theater creates both safer surgery procedures and more efficient workflows. A segmented operating system achieves both system stability and simplified maintenance through its division of functional parts.   Benefits of a Modular Operating System   1.Flexibility and Scalability   A modular operating system offers great flexibility as its core benefit. Multiple independent functional modules in the system design allow developers to perform easy functional module additions and removals according to business needs. This design enables the system to easily react to modern requirements and technological modifications. The Modular Theatre System allows medical equipment flexibility for different surgical setups thus it improves operating room usage.   2.Easy to maintain and upgrade   Various modules in the modular structure help technicians easily maintain and perform system upgrades. The individual components of a module offer fixability or replaceability which maintains the proper functioning of the total system. The Hospital Operating Theater (Hospital Operating Theater) requires regular upgrades of its equipment which the modular design helps minimize downtime to maintain operating room functionality.   3.Improved System Stability   A module failure does not impact different operational modules because they remain independent from each other. The isolation mechanism contributes to making the system more stable as a whole. A modular OR configuration functions properly with the failure of a specific module because each piece of equipment operates independently until repair or replacement can occur.   Disadvantages of a Modular Operating System   1.Development Complexity   Modular designs need robust interface specifications and modular compatibility standards but this adds multiple hurdles to development work. A modular operating room needs multiple equipment vendors to guarantee complete integration of all components.   2.Performance Overhead   Additional resources along with reduced efficiency become main issues during inter-module communication processes. Surgical time can get delayed because of complex communication protocols which exist within modular operating rooms.   3.Module Dependencies   Some dependent modules create system malfunctioning when they are not present during operations. When the critical equipment in a modular OR malfunctions it will stop the ongoing surgical process.

Surgical, medical, gynecological, dental and orthopedic operating tables vary in design and functionality to accommodate different types of surgical needs. Each department's Operating Table has specific functions and features that ensure a safe and efficient surgical procedure.     1. Surgical Tables Features: Surgical Tables usually need to be highly adjustable to accommodate various surgical positions (e.g., supine, prone, lateral, etc.). These tables can be adjusted for bed height, tilt angle, back and leg angle, and even some tables can be turned left and right so that the surgeon can operate at different angles. 2. Internal medicine operating table Characteristics: Internal medicine tables are usually relatively simple, and usually do not have as many complex adjustments as surgical tables. Their design focuses more on simplifying examinations and minimally invasive surgical procedures. 3. Gynecological operating table Characteristics: Gynecological operating tables usually have strong adjustability, especially in the patient's leg support and table tilt. In order to facilitate the operation of the doctor, gynecological operating tables are often equipped with support devices that can separate the legs, allowing the doctor to better carry out gynecological examination and surgery. 4. Dental operating table Characteristics: Dental tables are smaller than those in other departments and are designed to emphasize the finer details of the operation. Tables are usually small and allow the patient's head to be stabilized in a position suitable for treatment. Dental tables are also often equipped with lights and suction devices to help clear fluids from the mouth. 5. Orthopedic Operating Tables Characteristics: Orthopedic operating tables are usually more sturdy and designed to emphasize durability and stability. In order to cooperate with orthopedic surgeries, especially large joint surgeries, the operating table usually supports the precise adjustment and traction function of the limb.     Summary The medical equipment needs substantial adjustability features because it enables practitioners to conduct procedures from diverse surgical positions.   Medical Tables simplify their design to enable minimally invasive procedures together with examinations.   The leg support design of Gynecology tables specifically serves maternal and gynecological procedures.   Dental tables maintain a compact size to enable fine dental treatments and oral procedures.   Orthopedic tables show special features that support stability and traction through adaptations for orthopedic surgical requirements.

  Laminar OT   A premier component of a Laminar Flow Operating Room consists of its air purification mechanism. A HEPA high-efficiency filter enables air distribution in a laminar flow to cleanse the operating room space by creating unidirectional airflow. The designed system works best for complicated surgical procedures which need complete sterility including total joint replacement and heart procedures.   High air cleanliness through this system lowers the surgical infection risk effectively.   Operating theaters built with this system have expensive construction and maintenance costs and require high energy usage together with complex structural designs.   Modular OT   The Modular OT stands as a manufactured operating room structure which allows quick construction in a compact format. All the elements that make up this structure come with pre-defined designs so staff can put them together rapidly by treating them as interlocking building blocks. This adaptable operating room facility works well for developing sites or setting up short-term medical facilities such as emergency centers and remote health setups.   Fast construction, high flexibility, relatively low cost.   The degree of air sterilization in a laminar flow OR exceeds that of modular constructions while these facilities work best for non-critical sterile procedures.   Comparison   The level of air cleanliness in Laminar Flow Operating Rooms surpasses every measure compared to Modular Operating Rooms.   The construction process for modular operating rooms takes less time than constructing laminar flow operating rooms since they need more complex installation.   Operational costs for laminar flow operating rooms remain higher than those of modular operating rooms.   The appropriate uses for these rooms include laminar flow operating rooms for operations requiring high precision and high sterility standards yet modular operating rooms serve general surgical procedures and short-term requirements.   Summarize   If you need a high cleanliness, high precision surgical environment, such as the core Operating Room of a large hospital, laminar flow operating room is a better choice. However, if you need an operating room that is quick to set up and highly flexible, or have a limited budget, a modular operating room would be more suitable. Which one to choose is still based on actual needs and budget.

Clean: It refers to the use of certain special materials, through physical methods of air dust removal, bacteria removal to achieve the purpose of making the air clean. Not only to prevent the inward or outward contamination of living particles, but also to control the inward contamination of inanimate particles. Widely used in Hospital Operating Theater, disinfection supply centers, ICUs, neonatal rooms, general protective isolation wards, burn wards, laminar flow wards and other special areas.   Disinfection: It refers to a treatment method to eliminate or kill all pathogens and other harmful microorganisms in the external environment or in the medium of communication, except for spores, or to make the disinfected object harmless, by physical or chemical methods.   Sterilization: Refers to all the microorganisms on the object (including bacterial spores) all the methods of killing, usually with physical methods to achieve the purpose of sterilization. Such as dry heat sterilization, radiation sterilization, ethylene oxide sterilization (when other methods can not be used).   The role of air purification: To provide clean and germ-free air indoors.   The role of disinfection: To eliminate harmful microorganisms from the environment.   There are three elements that trigger infection: The invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, the local environment that leads to infection, and the body's immune system that fights infection.   Conclusion: Hospital air purification engineering system in the room is not a substitute for indoor disinfection and scientific management work.

Cleanroom environment management depends on building three-tier protection systems that function as the primary defense against space contamination and cross-contamination. Each protective step uplifts in importance within demanding settings like Operating Theatres starting from Pass Boxes through to HEPA Boxes.         1. The first level of protection: precise control of material transfer. The first step of Cleanroom environment management involves material transfers through Pass Box as the fundamental connecting system between clean spaces and non-clean areas that blocks contaminant entry during transfers. Regular testing of the two-way transfer window with built-in UV sterilization features should become part of the maintenance plan to achieve safe material handling operations. 2. Second level of protection: high efficiency filtration for air purification Air filtering stands as the foundation of three-level protection because the HEPA Box device supplies high-efficiency air with more than 99.97% efficiency at filtering 0.3 micron particles to maintain clean air quality. The Operating Theatre uses the HEPA Box together with laminar flow systems to create steady unidirectional airflow which decreases the likelihood of surgical infections. 3. Third level of protection: scientific design of cleanroom differential pressure Cleanroom pressure difference establishes a vital defense system against contamination spread. The design of positive or negative pressure environments operates as a system which maintains airflow flow patterns through different cleanliness zones. Operating rooms should use gradient differential pressure systems with monitoring systems to dynamically adjust their differential pressure values. 4. Fourth level of protection: strict management of personnel and equipment Clean environment contamination mainly comes from personnel and equipment. The Operating Theatre requires healthcare personnel to pass through rigorous regulations regarding changes of clothing and handwashing and air-showering routines and regular equipment sanitization. Buffer rooms should be added to critical areas through installation as an additional method to decrease personnel-induced contamination risks. 5. Fifth level of protection: environmental monitoring and continuous improvement Environmental monitoring serves as the protective barrier against contamination in the three-level protection procedure. A system of real-time monitoring for suspended particles combined with microbial settlement bacteria and different indicator measurements allows for prompt detection of potential problems. Regular maintenance combined with verification procedures checks the long-term operational stability of the Pass Box and HEPA Box as well as other equipment.

Cleanroom air conditioning is one kind of air-conditioning project, which not only has certain requirements for indoor air temperature, humidity and wind speed, but also has higher requirements for the number of dust particles in the air and the concentration of bacteria. Therefore, it not only has special requirements for the design and construction of the ventilation project, but also has special requirements for the design and construction of the building layout, material selection, construction process, building practices, plumbing, heating, electricity, ventilation and the process itself, as well as the corresponding technical measures and its cost is also increased accordingly. 1. Main parameter control General air conditioning focuses on temperature, humidity, fresh air supply, while the Clean Room air conditioning focuses on controlling the dust content of indoor air, wind speed, the number of air changes. 2. Air filtration means General air conditioners have only coarse primary filtration, the higher requirements are coarse secondary filtration treatment. And cleanroom air conditioning requires three-level filtration that is coarse, medium, high-efficiency three-level filtration or coarse, medium, sub-high efficiency three-level filtration. Biological clean room in addition to the air supply system has a three-tier filtration in the exhaust system in order to eliminate the animal's special odor and avoid pollution of the environment according to different circumstances need to be set up two high-efficiency filtration or filtration adsorption filtration. 3. Indoor pressure requirements General air conditioning on the indoor pressure without special requirements, and clean air conditioning in order to avoid the penetration of outside contaminated air or different production workshops of different substances affect each other, the positive pressure value of different clean areas have different requirements. 4. Material, process, environment and other requirements Clean air-conditioning system materials and equipment selection, processing technology, processing and installation environment, storage environment of equipment components in order to avoid contamination by the outside world, there are special requirements. This is the general air-conditioning system does not have. 5. Requirements for airtightness General air-conditioning system on the system's airtightness, air permeability requirements, but the requirements of clean air-conditioning system than the general air-conditioning system is much higher than the means of detection, the standards of each process have strict measures and testing requirements. 6. Other requirements Cleanroom air conditioning on the evaluation of the quality of the building in addition to the general appearance of the building and other requirements, but focusing on dust, dust, leakage prevention and to avoid the penetration of contaminated air from outside. In the construction process arrangement and overlap requirements are very strict, in order to avoid cracks caused by leakage.

  Happy Chinese New Year, congratulate you all again on the Year of the Snake, and wish you a happy and prosperous. Dongguan Amber Modular Operating Theater Team resumed operations on February 7, 2025.         We are a professional Hospital Operating Room design and build team that has served Modular Operating Room more than 30 countries. Among the Digital Operating Rooms include surgical operating rooms, medical operating rooms, dental operating rooms, orthopedic operating rooms and interventional operating rooms and other board operating rooms. We provide value for money services from basic design, to specific material selection and construction.     Therefore, no matter what country or region, if you contact us and provide us with your needs, we will provide you with professional services.

  To celebrate the Chinese New Year, Dongguan Amber Modular Operating Theater Family's vacation dates are from January 23, 2025 to February 6, 2025, and operations will resume on February 7, 2025   Therefore, if you have somethig emergency, you can contact us online or send us an email for inquiry, and we will feedback you in time. Thank you for your understanding and continued support. We wish you a happy and prosperous New Year!

Operation Table can support the patient during surgery and adjust the body position according to the needs of surgical operation, providing a convenient surgical environment for the surgeon, the Surgical Table belongs to the basic equipment of the operating room.       The width of the Operating Room Table is usually 50cm, the left and right width shall not exceed 60cm, and the length shall not exceed 210cm. It is mainly for the surgeon to be closer to the surgical area, which is convenient for the surgeon's operation. To make the chief surgeon, assistants, and instrument nurses keep a closer distance, which is convenient for the surgical cooperation and allows the surgeon to have a larger surgical field of vision. And to have a short distance for the transmission of the instruments, which reduces the risk of contamination.

Consequently, the role of modular and traditional operating suites has become multifaceted, rising as medical requirements for both service and product expand, as well as with surgical technologies continue to grow. The following are the comparison of the two types of Operating Rooms: 1. Construction time and flexibility Modular Operating Theater: Modular, portable, easy to construct, relatively simple to renovate and add onto in a few weeks. Traditional Operating Theater: Long construction period, can only be relatively easily adapted and extended. Conclusion: Modular Operating Theater has rich variations and is faster than any other. 2.Cost-effectiveness Modular Operating Theater: Standard design, inexpensive, easy to establish. Traditional Operating Theater: Expenses of this nature include high construction costs, construction delays may well further escalate charges. Conclusion: Modular Operating Rooms demand fewer costs. 3. Aseptic environment and technical requirements Modular Operating Theater: Advanced filtration system, flexible integration of intelligent technology. Traditional Operating Room: Satisfys the aseptic requirements, but technology upgrades are complex. Conclusion: Both can satisfy the requirements, but the Modular Operating Theater is more flexible in terms of technology integration. 4.Environmental sustainable, Protection of the environment Modular Operating Theater: Smart, recyclable, energy conservation, and also safeguarding the environment. Traditional operating rooms: A large amount of construction waste, most are not easy to recycle. Conclusion: It means that modularized operating rooms are even with added flexibility more environmentally friendly than traditional surgery rooms. 5.Application Scenarios Modular Operating Theater: It can be used in temporary hospitals, medical treatment in disaster area, expansion, etc. Traditional Operating Theater: It is particularly applicable to first-class stable chronic medical institutions. Conclusion: Modularized operating room is more advantageous in special situations. Therefore, which Operating Theater is better placed to meet contemporary healthcare requirements? Modular Operating Theater: Specifically ideal for use where one can install it in a short time period where they have limited amount of funds available or if they have a need that arises suddenly and they require the product to be installed immediately, especially where the need is in the area of environment. Traditional Operating Theater: Good for long term stability, their high comfort requirement makes them suitable for large hospitals alone.

In a Clean Room, there are two main types of air flow patterns: parabolic flow and turbulent flow. One is specially designed for use in desktops while the other is designed for portable systems. Laminar Flow Unidirectional and Parallel Flow: The laminar flow, or unidirectional airflow is the most used and desired air flow in clean room at high levels. Laminar flow is characterized by layered movement of air, without much intermixing of the layers, just as two layers of fluid move past each other in parallel. A relative stream velocity is maintained across the cross – section of the clean room. Vertical and Horizontal Variants Vertical Laminar Flow: In a vertical laminar flow clean room air is conditioned horizontally and then supplied from the ceiling and exhausted at the floor. This orientation is particularly useful where horizontal processes are inverted downwards and that includes semiconductor manufacturing where wafers are processed. The continuous downward flow enables removal of particle which may be produced during manufacturing process, therefore ensuring they do not deposit on delicate articles.   Horizontal Laminar Flow: In a horizontal laminar flow clean room, air is supplied from one of the side walls and exhausted at the opposite side wall. This type of flow is utilized in some assembly operations where long flat surfaces require frequent cleaning type services.   Particle Removal Efficiency: Laminar flow is the most effective in terms of removal of particles from the environment of the clean room. Concerning the idea that air moves in an unidirectional manner, particles are moved along with the direction of the air stream and are promptly cleared out of the working space. Thus, obtaining a very low concentration of particles in the Cleanroom, which will make a cleanroom appropriate for use in industries that require high degrees of cleanliness including the manufacturing of electronic devices, drugs, and aerospace components.   Turbulent Flow Chaotic and Mixed Flow: Turbulent flow on the other hand is described by stochastic unsystemmatic air currents. In a turbulent flow clean room, the air being supplied to the room is not uniform; thus turbulence, eddies and swirls occur. There is an irregular distribution of air velocities in the room and considerable integration of various air flows.   Applications and Limitations: The turbulent flow clean rooms are also cheaper in terms of fabrication and operational costs than the laminar flow clean rooms. They are ideal for used in situation where the cleanness of the environment is not very high. For instance, in some carrying out of light assembly tasks, or in areas where the emission of particles is negligible. However, turbulent flow is not stable, the particles are more likely to stay in the air and may settle on the object and work-piece so it is not used in precision work or processes which are highly sensitive to contamination by particles.   Therefore, laminar flow is most common in clean rooms where high level of cleanliness is needed while turbulent flow maybe used in other clean rooms since it is cheaper despite the impracticalities of the air flow.

There are different types of Medical Ceiling Pendant, such as Vertical Ceiling Pendant, Endoscopy Ceiling Pendant, Surgical Ceiling Pendant, ICU Ceiling Pendant, Anesthesia Ceiling Pendant and so on, different Ceiling Pendants can be used for different purposes. According to the function of the product, it can be further classified into Fixed Medical Ceiling Pendant, Motorized Elevating and Rotating Medical Ceiling Pendant, Single Cantilever Medical Ceiling Pendant, Double Cantilever Medical Ceiling Pendant, and Column Medical Functional Pendant.   They are collectively referred to in clinical practice as suspended Medical Ceiling Pendant and Medical Drawbridges. Operating Rooms and ICU use Medical Drawbridges as gas powered, equipped and loaded medical equipment. They can provide some line count management and improve the efficiency of laminar flow cleaning levels.   Of course, according to different departments,Medical Ceiling Pendants have different designs and effects to satisfy the needs of each department for related purposes, to improve the convenience of the department's use, so that doctors and nurses will put more energy into the operation and improve the efficiency of the operation.         From the appearance of the base, the Medical Pendant can be divided into single pendant, double pendant or other composition form, also can be divided into single arm and double arm. One or two hanging pendants are mounted on the base. It is generally called Medical Ceiling Pendant. Operating rooms and ICU generally require double pendants. In ICU, double pendants are more widely used, especially in some isolation wards or VIP rooms with slightly larger room sizes. Like the Fipton drawbridge, the double pendants allows for the effective separation of wet and dry by means of two hanging pendants. One of the two pendants is used as a wet area to install infusion pumps, syringe pumps, oxygen flow meters, negative pressure suction devices, and other liquid through the equipment and the corresponding supply, and the other pendant is used as a dry area to install monitors, ventilators, disposable supplies, etc., so that the wet and dry areas are completely separated, and the care management of ICU patients becomes safe and reliable. In addition, both pendants are easier to move than a medical drawbridge, and the cantilever system can be positioned both horizontally and vertically as in the case of the Fepton medical drawbridge. This allows more space for the patient's head area, making routine care such as oxygen and sputum administration safer and more convenient.

The importance of air shower systems in cleanrooms   Air quality in Cleanrooms is critical to controlling particulate contamination, and Air Shower Systems play a pivotal role in this process. In high cleanliness environments, any minute contaminant can affect the production process and even the quality of the final product.   Principle of air shower room   Air Shower Room is a kind of local purification equipment, the main role is to reduce the personnel or goods in and out of the Clean Room brought about by the pollution problem. It’s working principle is to blow away dust through high-speed airflow to ensure the air quality of the Clean Room. Specifically, the air in the air shower room is filtered through the primary filter, and then pressed into the static pressure box by the high-pressure fan, the clean airflow filtered by the high-efficiency filter is sprayed out by the rotatable nozzle, blowing off the dust on the overalls, and the dusty air is sucked in by the fan through the coarse filter, and then recirculated again by the high-efficiency filter after pressurized flow.   When selecting an air shower room, the following key factors need to be considered   1. Size and Shape: According to the size and layout of the clean area for selection, consider the number of passers-by, pass goods, equipment size, personnel movement and other factors. 2. Airflow Speed: Directly affect the effect of removing pollutants, usually the airflow speed should be between 20-25m/s. 3. Inlet and Outlet Design: Affect the personnel in and out of the clean area space optimization, airflow flow and other factors, the common straight to the I-type, L-type, T-type import and export air shower room and so on. 4. Control System: Should have stability and ease of operation, common control methods are button control, touch screen control. 5. High-efficiency Filter Selection: Choose the right high-efficiency filter can effectively purify the air, need to consider the filtration efficiency, service life and other factors.   Key points for air shower room maintenance   1. The inner and outer control panels do not hit with hard blocks to prevent scratches. 2. The door is an electronic device interlock, when a door opens another door is automatically locked, do not additionally force the power switch. 3. Regularly use the instrument to determine the technical indicators of the equipment, such as does not meet the requirements of the technical parameters should be dealt with in a timely manner. 4. According to the actual use of the situation, regularly remove the filter media in the primary air filter cleaning. 5. When the wind speed is found to become small, it may be that the high efficiency filter accumulates too much dust and should be replaced in time.

It is an important medical equipment used for Operating Room Lighting. It provides surgeons with a bright, clear view of the operation and is one of the key factors in ensuring smooth operation and patient safety.   For a wide variety of Surgical Lights with different functions, categorization can help us better understand the features and applicable scenarios of different types of surgical lights. What types of Surgical Lights can be categorized? 1. Classified according to the type of light source Halogen lamp: Traditional surgical lights commonly used light source, high brightness, cheap, but heat, short life.   LED lights: New mainstream light source for surgical lights, energy saving and environmental protection, long life, soft light, but the price is relatively high.   Xenon lamp: Extremely high brightness, commonly used in difficult surgery, but expensive, short life. 2. Classified according to functional characteristics Shadowless lamp: Through the combination of multiple light sources and special design, effectively eliminate the shadow of the surgical area, to provide uniform illumination.   Cold light surgical lamp: Using special filters or LED light source, reduce heat generation, reduce the temperature of the surgical area. Dimmable Surgical Lamp: Adjust the brightness and angle of light according to the needs of surgery, providing more flexible surgical lighting. 3. Categorized by application scenarios Ordinary surgical lights: Suitable for a variety of routine surgery. Specialized Surgical Lamps: Designed for specific departmental surgical needs, such as ophthalmic surgical lamps, dental Surgical Lamps and so on.

Surgical Lights are medical equipment that facilitates the lighting of the operative field and have always been designed to limit the projection of shadows within the operative field especially during procedures. In order to provide maximum visibility to the surgeon during the course of surgery, and therefore the technology enhances the safety of the surgery procedure. That is why surgical lights are designed to be shadowless for the following reasons:         1. Eliminate shadows: To overcome this problem, several sources of light radiate from various directions and add their sources to form a concentrated angle to minimize the shadow effects from doctors and instruments over the surgical area.   2. Improve precision: Constant and intense illumination enables the doctor to well perceive the details of tissue structure, vessels and so forth, making surgical operations more accurate.   3. Reduce fatigue: Soft and uniform light reduces visual fatigue, allowing the doctor to stay focused for a long time.   4. Adapt to complex environment: When using multi-angle illumination, many directions are suitable for deep cavity surgery or for multi-angle operation.   5. Enhance safety: Anti-glare function on top, the brightness of light can also be adjusted depending on the requirements of the surgery. What is the principle of Surgical Light without shadow? In general, shadowless lamps consist of a number of LED or halogen lights positioned circularly or in a matrix. The light sources are installed to be cross illuminated to another so that the two source can support each other and furthermore, the interior uses highly reflective material and adjustable brightness design to prevent shadow that is caused by a single light source. Designing to be lit uniformly and clearly with heat dissipation and aseptic look so as to reflect the accuracy and safety of the operations done in surgeries.

  What are the main requirements for Cleanroom Construction and decoration materials? (1) Smooth surface; (2) Abrasion resistance of the surface; (3) Good thermal insulation; (4) Not easy to produce static electricity; (5) Non-hygroscopic, impermeable to moisture; (6) Good sound absorption; (7) Easy to process; (8) Surface is not easy to adhere to dust; (9) Easy to remove the attached dust; (10) Inexpensive. What are the requirements and types of wall coverings? (1) Not easily soiled and easily cleaned; (2) Smooth and clean surface; (3) No dust production once the surface is flaked or damaged; (4) Impact resistance; (5) Corners can be treated with curved materials or sealing materials.   Cleanroom Wall Panels are composed of surface and core materials, and the surface materials include plasticized wood panels, aluminum alloy panels, steel panels, colored steel panels and so on.   What kinds of core materials are included? (1) Rigid polyurethane foam: It can be foamed inside the wall and has excellent heat insulation performance. It can be used as flame retardant by adding halogenated organophosphorus compounds, and is divided into combustible, flame retardant and flame retardant due to different mixing methods.   (2) Asbestos calcium carbonate: Light calcium carbonate as the main raw material, mixed with inorganic fibers and fire-resistant reinforcing agent to make it foam, a small amount of polyvinyl chloride resin as a binder molding, fire performance is good, belongs to the quasi-non-combustible type of board.   (3) Clip polystyrene board: Through glue and pressure, the polystyrene board for heat preservation is sandwiched between two steel plates, and irritating gas will be produced when burning. Fire requirements of high places should not be used in large quantities.   (4) Sandwich rock wool board: The rock wool sandwiched between two steel plates, suitable for high fire safety requirements of the occasion. However, if the plate needs to bear the weight, it needs to be lined with gypsum board, otherwise it is easy to deform.   (5) Paper (aluminum) honeycomb board: Paper (aluminum) honeycomb sandwiched between two steel plates. High strength, aluminum honeycomb fire performance.

Microelectronics, bioengineering, precision machining and other scientific experiments and high-tech production processes, the precision of product processing, miniaturization, high purity, high quality and high reliability requirements are increasingly high. Indoor production environment is not only related to the health and comfort of employees in production activities, but also related to production efficiency, product quality, and even the production process can be carried out an important issue.     How does the indoor environment of a Cleanroom affect the manufacturing process? 1. Important impact on the production process The indoor production environment is one of the key factors restricting whether industrial production, especially high-tech production, can be carried out. For example, in the microelectronics industry chip production process, the control of particles to the molecular level, otherwise the production can not be carried out, or the production of substandard products; in the production of antimicrobial agents in the environment, if the presence of certain microorganisms, the production can not be carried out normally. 2. Impact on productivity The influence of indoor production environment on production efficiency is reflected in the following 2 aspects: 1) A good production environment can not only protect the physical and mental health and attendance of production personnel, but also improve their working mood and motivation; 2) A good production environment can ensure the smooth progress of production and improve the rate of finished products. 3. Influence on product quality Indoor production environment is one of the important factors affecting product quality. For example, photographic film, integrated circuits, chemical reagents, precision instruments and micro-motors and other products, if contaminated by dust, will reduce the quality or even scrap; in the food processing industry, the presence of micro-organisms will shorten the shelf-life and reduce product quality. 4. Causing environmental pollution As we all know, environmental pollution is mainly caused by industrial pollution. Among them, air pollution and water pollution on the one hand, affect people's health, and on the other hand, will affect the production process and product quality. Therefore, in order to reduce the impact of indoor pollution on the production process, it is necessary to improve or solve the problem of indoor pollution through clean technology. It is certain that it is totally impossible to control the concentration of suspended particles in the whole micro-environment in an ordinary production workshop to make it reach the clean degree required by the process. Only the construction of clean room, the use of airtight structure, reasonable airflow organization and reasonable pressure difference, in order to make its micro-environment to achieve the required level of air cleanliness, to meet the production requirements.

In order to satisfy the special needs of the medical environment, according to the different uses and functional requirements of each type of door, which types of doors can be divided into, and what are the characteristics of these types of doors? What areas of the hospital are they suitable for? 1. Medical Swing Door Features： Simple structure: Adopting single or double opening mode, easy to install and use. Better sealing: Generally equipped with sealing strips, which can effectively prevent dust, odor and noise from entering. Versatility: Suitable for general wards, offices and auxiliary function areas. Variety of materials: Commonly used steel, aluminum alloy, stainless steel or wood, and fireproof, moisture-proof or antibacterial materials can be selected according to demand. Applicable scenes: General ward, doctor's office, administrative area. 2. Medical Sliding door Features： Space saving: Push-pull method makes the door does not take up indoor and outdoor space, perfect for narrow corridors or space-constrained areas. Silent design: Equipped with cushioning and silent slides, the door opens and closes smoothly and with low noise. Automation optional: Automatic sensing device can be installed to facilitate the quick passage of hospital beds, wheelchairs or healthcare workers. Applicable scenes: Ward entrances and exits, medical equipment rooms, rehabilitation centers. 3. Medical Clean Door Features: Strong airtightness: The door frame is equipped with special sealing strips between the door and the door, ensuring a dust-free and germ-free environment. Automatic control: Equipped with sensor or foot switch, opening and closing the door without hand contact, reducing cross-infection. High-strength material: Commonly used stainless steel or aluminum alloy, with anti-corrosion, anti-bacteria, easy to clean. Negative/positive pressure adjustment: Cooperate with cleanroom system to maintain indoor pressure balance. Applicable scenes: Operating room, ICU, sterile room, laboratory. 4.Medical Radiation Protection Door Features: Radiation shielding: Lead plate embedded in the door body can effectively block X-rays, γ-rays and other radiation. Customized design: Adjust the thickness of lead plate according to the intensity of rays and protection requirements to ensure safety. Good sealing: Equipped with special sealing strip to prevent radiation leakage. Automatic control: Electric push-pull device can be installed to facilitate the passage of beds and equipment. Applicable scenes: Radiology department, CT room, X-ray room, nuclear medicine laboratory. 5. Medical Fire door Features: Fire-resistant performance: The door body is made of fireproof material like steel core or fireproof wooden core, which has the ability to block the spread of fire and smoke within a certain period of time. Safety and reliability: Usually equipped with fireproof hardware, such as door closer and escape lock, to ensure quick opening in case of emergency. Aesthetics and durability: The surface can be sprayed with anti-bacteria coating to meet the hospital's dual demand for hygiene and aesthetics. Applicable scenes: Stairwell, emergency access, machine room. 6. Medical Glass Door Features: Strong permeability: The door body is made of tempered glass, which is convenient for medical staff to observe the situation inside and outside the ward. High safety: The glass is specially treated with shatterproof function, even if it breaks, no sharp fragments will be formed. Sound and heat insulation: Effectively reduce noise interference, while providing a certain degree of heat preservation. Applicable scenes: ICU, observation ward. 7. Medical partition door Features: High flexibility: It can be opened and closed quickly according to the demand, and it is convenient to adjust the space layout. Space saving: Folding design is suitable for narrow areas and increases activity space. Sound insulation and heat insulation: Some partition doors have good sound insulation and heat insulation properties. Applicable scenes: Emergency area, operating room preparation area, multifunctional clinic. 8. Medical Automatic Induction Door Features: Intelligent control: Equipped with sensing system, it automatically opens and closes when healthcare workers or patients are near, reducing the risk of cross infection. Convenient and quick: Sensitive sensing, fast door opening and closing speed, support barrier-free access. High load-bearing design: Able to carry heavy equipment frequently in and out. Applicable scenes: Large operating room, emergency department, outpatient hall.

Stability and safety of Operating Table is critical to the success of the surgery procedure not forgetting the safety of the patient. We can look at the following aspects that can be used as a basis for judgment:   Assessment of Stability 1. Structural stability: Base design: Note the measurements of width and weight distribution – a wider base and a more evenly spread out one is usually more stable. Material strength: Heavy loads can be used without deformation on the material like high strength steel or aluminium alloy. 2. Anti-shaking test: After orienting it to different positions/angles/heights, attempt to submit to concussion tests by using hand shaking or exerting a force to appreciate how well it fights displacement. 3. Maximum load indicator: Rated load: To make this decision, ensure you check on the maximum load that the manufacturer recommends or allows on this type of equipment. Actual test: Take a standard weight and apply a weight greater than the standard and test if the platform can balance again. 4. Ground Grip: Try to test the wheel locks so that it remain stationary even in case when the vehicle is parked at an inclined plane or an inclined surface. Verification of safety 1. Electrical safety: EMC compatibility: Make sure that operating table produces no electromagnetic interference, should affect medical precision devices around it. Overheating protection: Hardware pertector to protect the company’s internal mechanism such as micro denk and other relevant components from high heat arising from continuous working. 2. Patient Protection: Rounded edges and corners: Ensure that there are no worries of sharp edges and aggressive protrusions, in a bid to minimize on scratches. Fall protection: It is key to ensure that there are perfect guard rails and the securing straps are fit when the table is not upright. Emergency 3. Mechanisms: One-touch reset: There are emergency rapid zero, or safe position switching functions available. Power redundancy: UPS or battery backup to continue most of its operation when there is an abrupt power outage. 4. User friendliness: Easy to operate: There is also a colored legend beside the buttons and it is easy to locate the emergency stop button. Training materials: Step by step instructions and operation demonstration are given in order to familiarize the operator with all the safety measures that need to be observed.

Medical Ceiling Pendant in current operating theatre as a fundamental piece of surgical requisites and equipment to improve the multi-faceted and versatile service inclinations to enhance the safety, facility and comfort of surgery environment. What are the usual ones found on a Medical Ceiling Pendant and their functions? Medical Gas Outlets Essentials include oxygen, compressed air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen for use in ventilators, anesthesia machines and other Medical devises that require sources of gasses. Electrical Outlets Standard electrical power outlets forinternational use to power Surgical light, scalpel, displays and many other electric appliances as maybe needed. Data & Communication Ports It includes the network cable fiber optic interface telephone line interface, support high speed data transmission it could be used to connect the medical information system, remote consultation teaching live etc. LED Lighting Surgical light with high intensity without casting shadows over the surgical area, provides sufficient illumination at the surgical region. Monitors Show the parameters of the vital signs, image files, easily seen and evaluated by the surgical teams. Camera Systems Camera which is either installed as a part of surgical equipment or is brought into the operating room for filming the process in order to analyze it later, or to share with others. Audio Systems Integrated with speakers and microphone for two-way communication and make improvements to the output of team collaboration. Sterilizers For instance, the ultraviolet sterilization lamps to maintain proper air circulation in the operating room in order to minimize the spread of bacteria and virus. Storage Areas Set of shelves or cupboards for the storage of frequently used materials and small hand tools. Emergency Stops Switch off electricity or gas supply, to address sudden disruptions based on risks, to protect employees and facilities. More equipments depends on your needs to customized.  

Clean Room is a controlled environment specifically developed to minimize contaminants, microorganisms in air, temperature, humidity and pressure differences. The primary goal is to prevent contamination that could compromise sensitive processes, products, or research. Here are the main requirements for establishing and maintaining a Clean Room Design: Air Filtration: Supply air entering the cleanroom, should be passed through High-Efficiency Particulate Air filter which efficiently removes at least 99.97% of particles of 0.3µm size. Some of cleanrooms also have the Ultra-Low Particulate Air filters that filter very small particles. Pressurization: Cleanrooms normally work under positive pressure compared to zones round them to avoid the ingress of contaminated air. Containment is also necessary in acreting bio-safety labs dealing with hazardous substances where negative pressure may be vital in controlling the spread of the substances. Temperature and Humidity Control: It’s important to stabilize environmental conditions, usually temperature fluctuates between 65-75F (18-24°C) and humidity between 30-60%. Particulate Control: Facility personnel are required to wear personal protective equipment’ such as gowns, masks, gloves, hairnets to minimize shedding fibers, skin cells, hair etc. Uniforms equates to footwear covers are also mandatory. Material Control: Acceptable media that are used in the cleanroom are restricted to those that have been cleared for use and do not leave behind a particulate matter. Any item that is transported into the area is clean and in some cases the objects literally go through a particle wipe down before the area is entered. Surface Cleaning Protocols: Particulate and microbial removal require the use of approved chemicals and cleaning frequency and thoroughness. Personnel Training: Employees who are serving at cleanrooms are trained so that they can appreciate and follow measures aimed at reducing people-borne contamination. HVAC Systems: High-performance HVAC systems are integral, providing filtered air and controlling temperature, humidity, and air pressure within the facility. Regular Testing and Certification: Cleanrooms need periodic testing and certification to ensure they meet and maintain industry standards such as ISO classifications (ISO 1 to ISO 9). Emergency Preparedness: Modifications that are related to emergency exits, fire and other emergencies suppression mechanisms as well as evacuation procedures are necessary since they handle emergent risks. The strictly followed norms help to create an environment in cleanrooms free from inherent peculiarities of manufacturing processes or scientific researches contamination.

The basic setup of the Clean Rooms and Sterile Rooms look almost alike but their utilities have some enigmatic differences. Clean room on the other hand, the main function is to control the number of particles in the air more so it can only allow a specified number of particles per cubic feet and a sterile room is more or less a clean room but it is a contamination free room and is mainly used in hospitals, pharmaceutical firms etc.   Characteristics of a cleanroom Particle control: Control of indoor pollutants with help of air purification and aerodynamic control. Wide range of applications: Applied in production process of semiconductors, in laboratories, and in first stages of pharmaceutical production. Flexible design: In comparison to Modular Clean Room and Portable Clean Room can be easily changed to fit a company’s requirements. Characteristics of aseptic rooms Microbiological control: Besides particles, the characteristics of the air are such that it contains next to no microbial contaminants. Strict requirements: Normally worn in surgical intra or in pharmaceutical production and packaging facilities. Specialized equipment: Most of the time it needs enhanced equipment for use in disinfection and sterilization. Modular cleanrooms are particularly popular today in industrial and medical areas because of their flexibility and the possibility of their usage in various industries. Thus, it can be a Cleanroom of at least ISO 6 standard; moreover, it can be built as a sterile room by the use of appropriate filters and the sterilization of all air inlets. Furthermore, the Portable Clean Room is useful for cases in which rigidity and immovability are not suitable and desirable.     With reference to the working principle of modular cleanroom, the performance advantages of modular cleanroom. Clean Room obtains its purpose with the help of numerous methods of air purification, control over air circulation and climatic conditions within the Room. The following are the core working principles of the Clean Room Air Filtration: HEPA/ULPA has the capability to filter out more than 99.99% of air particles to meet maximum acceptable air borne particle concentrations. Airflow control: Laminar flow design allows the greatest uniformity of air flow, while turbulent flow design is for instance for cases where low levels of particle content are needed. Positive Pressure Maintenance: Older models minimize the probability of a contaminant getting into the clean area since the internal pressure is set higher than the external pressure. Temperature and humidity control: Controls the degree of heat and moisture in the room, in order to meet the requirements of the given type of activity. The Modular Clean Room extends these principles with flexibility in design and scalability, making it perfect for the industry. In particular, integration of Cleanroom design based on modularity and the opportunity to use Portable Clean Room as Portable Clean Room will allow offering the user effective and rather inexpensive solution.

Taken in conjunction with developments in industry and technology, clean rooms are being employed across a number of professions, including pharmaceuticals, electronics and food processing. In such environments, air quality control is critical, and thus Amber purification catalog.pdf, as a technology that intervenes to eliminate dust, particles, and contaminants on surfaces, is a standard component of clean room. Nowadays, more and more companies and organizations pay attention to Air Shower Design and try to enhance the Air Shower System efficiency, that can satisfy clean room environment requirements. How an Air Shower System works? An air shower system is a method that uses a high velocity air flow to clean the surface of a person or an object of dirt and small particles so that these pollutants are not transferred to the clean room. Such systems normally consist of several high pressure air outlets that are arranged around the person or an object and, utilizing a hot powerful blast of air, drive the dirt off the skin or surfaces of the apparels and other objects that people and items bring to clean rooms. In Air Shower Clean Room Design, air showers not only need to deliver enough air velocity to purge out the exterior contaminants, but also need perfect air distribution for every tiny spot must be clean. Also, the design of the system should incorporate the efficiency of energy, reduction of noise levels and comfortable conditions which hinder the easy and efficient use of the clean room. The Importance of Air Shower Systems in Clean Room Clean room air quality is significant in prevention of particulate pollutants and air shower systems prove to be very useful here. Thus in the case of high litter sensitivity any small particle can interfere with the manufacturering process as well as even the quality of the final product. For instance, when semiconductors are made, particles might cause low-quality products or declining performance, and in the manufacture of medicine and other drugs, bacterias and dust particles may affect the cleanliness and safety of the products respectively. Therefore, while designing clean rooms, Air Shower Systems cannot only be designed and selected for their cleaning efficiency, but also for efficiency of the energy used. For instance the utilization of technological features such as recirculating air filtration, air control velocities and volumes can immensely improve the system efficiency, minimize energy use and get longer useful service life of the packages getting involved.

Introduction: Modular Operation Theaters (OTs) have gained significant popularity in recent years, revolutionizing surgical environments in hospitals across the world. This article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of what modular operation theaters are and their advantages over conventional OTs. Definition and Characteristics: A modular operation theater refers to a specialized surgical facility constructed within a hospital setting, designed to provide optimal conditions for performing surgical procedures. These theaters are built using metal and glass materials, boasting various features such as effective lighting, anti-static flooring, laminar air flow, and customized temperature and humidity control systems. Key Differences from Conventional OTs: 1. Air Circulation: Modular OTs use a combination of fresh and recycled air, ensuring a balance between cleanliness and cost-effectiveness. In contrast, conventional OTs rely solely on 100% fresh air circulation. 1. Air Conditioning: Each modular OT has its own air conditioning system, allowing for localized temperature control. On the other hand, conventional OTs utilize a centralized air conditioning system, making it more challenging to achieve precise temperature control. 1. Design and Construction: Modular OTs are meticulously designed using 3D software, adhering to international and national standards. They are constructed by a single team of professionals who possess a deep understanding of the mechanics of operation theaters. In contrast, conventional OTs are often built by multiple vendors during hospital construction, leading to complexities in control and standardization. 1. Equipment and Instrument Standardization: Modular OTs contain standardized instruments and equipment, simplifying quality control processes. Conventional OTs, with multiple vendors involved, face difficulties in ensuring uniformity and quality control. Advantages of Modular Operation Theaters: 1. Cost-effectiveness: Modular OTs offer a more economically viable solution for hospitals, as they are energy-efficient and utilize recycled air, resulting in cost savings. 1. Enhanced Safety: The controlled environment in modular OTs reduces the risk of infections and improves patient safety during surgeries. 1. Efficient Space Utilization: Modular OTs provide better space utilization options compared to conventional OTs, optimizing the surgical workflow and enhancing overall efficiency. 1. Flexibility and Scalability: The modular design allows for easy expansion or reconfiguration of the OTs according to changing requirements and advancements in surgical techniques. 1. Compliance with Standards: Modular OTs adhere to strict national and international standards, ensuring the highest level of quality and patient care. Conclusion: Modular Operation Theaters have emerged as a significant advancement in surgical environments, offering numerous benefits compared to conventional OTs. Their cost-effectiveness, enhanced safety measures, efficient space utilization, and adherence to quality standards make them an attractive choice for hospitals worldwide. As medical technology continues to evolve, modular OTs provide a flexible and scalable solution to meet the ever-changing needs of the healthcare industry.

Modern operating rooms are equipped with a range of advanced surgical equipment designed to help surgeons perform procedures with greater precision and efficiency. Some of the key equipment found in today's operating rooms includes:   1.Surgical Lights: Surgical lights are used to provide bright, clear illumination of the surgical site, allowing surgeons to see the area with greater clarity. These lights are adjustable and can be positioned to provide optimal lighting for each procedure.   2.Operating Tables: Operating tables are designed to provide a stable and comfortable platform for patients during surgeries. They are adjustable and can be positioned to provide optimal access for the surgical team.   3.Surgical Instruments: Surgical instruments are used to perform a wide range of procedures, from simple incisions to complex surgeries. These instruments include scalpels, forceps, clamps, and scissors, among others.   4.Anesthesia Machines: Anesthesia machines are used to administer anesthesia to patients during surgeries. They can be programmed to deliver precise amounts of anesthesia and monitor the patient's vital signs throughout the procedure. Surgical Robots: Surgical robots are a relatively new addition to the operating room, but are quickly becoming a popular tool for surgeons. These robots are controlled by the surgeon and are designed to provide greater precision and accuracy during procedures.   Overall, the advanced surgical equipment found in today's operating rooms helps to improve patient outcomes by providing a more precise and efficient surgical experience. Amber purification catalog.pdf

Modular Operation Theatre also known as Modular OT, manufactures and designing for hospital operation room, laboratories etc. About Modular Operation Theatre (OT) An operating theater is a facility required within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in a sterile environment. A Modular OT broadly involves use of modular pre-fabricated wall panels, modular ceiling with laminar flow system, hermetically sealed doors and anti-static flooring to form the shell. The wall and ceiling panel of Modular Operation Theatre can be made out of following material as per customer requirement. A) 50mm Steel sandwiched panel ( using 0.8mm +0.8mm sheet) B) Stainless steel SS202 or SS304 panels. C) High-pressure Laminate panels as per EN standard. D) 1.6 mm thick EGP steel panels backed by 12mm thick Gypsum.   The Operation room wall will have two independent surfaces with a minimum opening in between. The external walls of the Modular OT room will be constructed with solid bricks with cement plastering. The inner surfaces walls will be constructed with 1EGP Steel PUF sandwiched panel (Indian make) these panels will have flame resistance to BS1142 part 3. Other add-on equipment in a modular OT include items such as pressure relief dampers, ceiling pendants, touch screen panels, wall surgical panels etc. Further, use of audio-video equipment and internet connectivity within the OT, gives rise to a digitally integrated modular OT which elevates the operating room activity to a entirely different level of technological sophistication. Design and Construction of MOT according to the NABH Guidelines for Hospitals: The construction of an operating room is very complicated nowadays, it not only requires a space for future devices that will be applied in operation theatres with flexible design, but also it requires meeting the air – cleaning requirement for NABH . To meet the demand, modular operation theatre was developed based on this and through years of experience and improvement, it appears the reliability at a low cost, it has been applying to large and middle size hospitals all over of country, now it goes to middle and small – size hospitals. What is the need of Modular OT : – To stop the generation of bacteria. To always retain the OT under positive air pressure. Ensure maximum safety standard. Ensure flexibility. Minimise maintenance. Ensure functional separation of spaces. Regulates traffic flow. To prevent noscominal infections. Hygienic atmosphere. Homogenous unidirectional air ceiling system.

Major components of pre-fabricated Modular operation theatre: Operation theatre wall and ceiling Panels : Modular Operation Theatre wall panel 50mm thk and ceiling Panel 30mm thk will be constructed using 0.8mm EGP Steel sandwich panel with core consisting of rigid polyurethane foam, which has been injected under high pressure, with a minimum density of 40 kg/m3 Antibacterial Paint layer :- Antibacterial Paint one primer coat along with two coats of Antibacterial & Antifungal Paint coating system ,which protects against the growth of micro-organism, such as mould ,funbgi, yeast and bacteria on its surface. Meets with Fire safety Norms and a minimum dry film thickness of 300 microns. Vinyl ESD Flooring :- Seamless Conductive Flooring System (100% recyclable), having thk of 2mm, this tile is chemical resistant & anti bacterial & anti fungal property resistance. with perfectly curved flush covings, all joints covered properly hot welded with the same material. Laminar air flow system : Laminar air Flow 2400X24000 mm (Planair Ceiling system) with unidirectional airflow. Plenum unit, Holding structure & Top plenum are made of Aluminium Sheet 1.6mm thk. with hepa filter having efficiency 99.97% down to 0.3 micron.. The laminar flow system shall have such design that it provides “S” class Hepa filter . The filter housing terminals are made of a one pice frame and plenum with perfact thightness features with Diffuser . OT Surgeon control panel : Surgeon control panel membrance type Operation Theatre Control Panel (6 service Tiles) mounted flush in the theatre wall with Electrical Distribution Board complete with all accessories etc. The control panel comprising of the following :- I) 1 no Day Time Digital Clock II) 1 no Elapsed Time Digital Clock III) 1 no Hands Free Telephone IV) Medical Gas Alarm ( 5 gas ) V) Temperature & Humidity display control ( Optional : Pressure difference ) VI) Peripheral Light Control and Optional Radio/FM music X- Ray View screen : Two Plate Dimmable LED X-Ray viewing screen ( Dimming range 3 – 100% Flicker free) ) complete with all accessories etc. Ceiling Medical & Surgical pendants : Signle Arm or Double Arm Pendent with 800+ 800 mm Console with six electrical sockets 5/15 ampere, Two monitor shelf and 6 nos. of gas outlets option Peripheral light : Recess mounted IP54 protocol, non-hygroscopic based Peripheral Lights to be mounted on falce ceiling for clean room application and digital dimmable ballast. Writing or list board : OT Operating writing List Board of size 948mm X 648mm complete with all accessories. Operation theatre door Automatic /Manual : Automatic or Manual hermatically sealed Sliding Door (1500mm wide 2100mm height), Open/Closing Door complete with glass vision window of 300mm x 300mm, alongwith all necessary accessories etc. Pressure relief damper (PRD) :- Pressure Relief Dampers having made out SS304, 1.5mm thick & the multiple blades also made of 304 graded stainless steel with sleeve & aluminum grill for maintaining the positive pressure inside the operation theatre complete with all accessories etc. Storage Unit : Storage Unit size of (1665mm x 865mm x 350mm) made of 1.5mm EGP 120 GSM Zinc coated steel complete with all accessories etc. Air Conditioning with Humidity and Temperature Control : 4000 or 3000 CFM AHU with Condensing Unit as per requirement , System & Condensing Unit with 100% Fresh Air, Static Pressure – 125. With double blower.FAN SECTION – KRUGER/ NIKOTRA MOTOR – CROMPTON GREAVES / ABB / BHARAT BIJLI (B) Condensing Unit : micro Processor controlled Air Cooled Condensing Unit of 11 TR ( 5.5 +5.5) , hermetically sealed scroll compressor for R-22, refrigerant, complete with motor, condenser, fan of 3 phase connection. (VOLTAS/ BLUESTAR/HITACHI/ OTHER ) (C) Electrical Control Panel with Interlocking of AHU, CU, Thermostatic Volt Meter with temperature control interlocking system Aluminum Ducting :- Aluminum Ducting ( 22 * 24 gauge ) with curves & bends where indicated for easy flow of air tight by applying silicon sealant after fabrication. Hangers will be provided to ducts & will be suspended be means of G.I. coated rod & these will not be more than 2.5 mtrs apart. Thermal insulation with 9mm XPE with aluminum foil for supply & return air ducts. Joints will be lapped with Nitrile tape for better insulation. Dirty hatch or pass box Electrical Distribution board Operation theatre table Operation theatre Surgical light Scrub station Other Electrical equipments

Hospitals are just one location with strict cleanliness requirements, as all patient treatment areas, laboratories, and testing facilities must be kept exceptionally clean for patient and employee safety. All customer facing area, including outpatient areas, storage areas, and wash areas are also locations within a hospital that absolutely must remain clean to protect staff and patients. To ensure this, Amber offers an extensive array of cleanroom components for use in hospitals and medical facilities, including air showers, pass through chambers, steel lockers and sinks. We also tailor products to meet customized, special customer needs. Our modular operating theater solutions use cutting edge air cleaning technology to ensure cleanliness, as it achieves a better contamination control when compared to traditional UV lamps, and thereby reducing patient and staff risk of infection.